|
|
Gender gap in reported childcare preferences among parents
Pertold, Filip ; Sinani, S. ; Šoltés, M.
The child penalty explains the majority of gender employment and wage gaps, however, less is known about the factors driving the child penalty itself. In this paper, we study the gender gap in childcare preferences as a potential factor that contributes to the child penalty. We surveyed Czech parents and elicited the minimal compensation they would require to stay home to care for a child. Mothers require less compensation for childcare than fathers. The estimated gender gap in childcare preferences is CZK 2,500 monthly, 7.6% of the median female wage, and cannot be explained by differences in labor market opportunities or prosocial motives to care for a family member. We further document widespread misperception of fathers’ preferences, as respondents incorrectly expect fathers to require less to care for a child than to care for an elderly parent.\n
|
|
|
Decomposition of the gender wage gap before and after COVID-19: did wage determinants across genders change?
Bartóková, Martina ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Kolář, Daniel (referee)
The topics of inequality, unconditional differences or disproportional rewarding systems are fighting for their place at the top of the interest in public life. In order to fight the inequality present in society, scientists, policymakers, publicly active people and ordinary people are trying to discuss it and find its leading causes. This thesis examines the inequality between men and women in the rewarding system and how the recent pandemic crisis influences it. We analyse the role of many wage gap determinants and try to identify the main ones and how they change with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our expectations were confirmed. The pandemic crisis put more burden on women than men. However, the research shows that all the economic sectors suffer from the pandemic; the only difference is by what amount. The results of the decomposition show that change in the determinants of the wage gap is present, but only on the border of the gap. The reason is that even before the pandemic outbreak, the most significant part of the gender wage gap (GWG) was caused by the unexplained gap, i.e., the possible reasons for the GWG are gender discrimination or gender specialisation. After the COVID-19 pandemic began, the unexplained gap strengthened its position. Keywords gender, gender wage gap, COVID-19,...
|
|
|
Gender gap index and happiness
Procházková, Vendula ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the relationship between the level of gender inequality given by The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) and women's happiness. Using the cross-sectional data from The World Values Survey from 22 different countries, the main goal was to explore the possible existence of a positive relationship between the GGGI index (which reflects the rate of gender differences in particular country where lower values represent higher rate of gender inequality) and relative happiness of women in comparison with happiness of men. The work introduces not only the variables that are considered to be the main determinants of happiness according to the current studies, but also specific indexes related to the issue of gender inequality. All in all, the work is comprised of seven models working with the whole dataset of 22 countries, six models working with the data divided by gender and two different models created for each of four groups into which the countries were divided based on their rate of GGGI index. These models estimate the effect of GGGI index and its four components on happiness of individuals, on relative happiness of women and also the difference between women's and men's happiness in groups with different average GGGI index. Considering the results from previously...
|
|
|
Wage inequality among young college graduates: Can we find any evidence for reverse gender wage differential?
Vrbovský, Samuel ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Šlegerová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis examines whether in the United States among young college gradu- ates in male-dominated dominated job fields the the gender wage differential is reversed, i.e, women earn more than similar men. The thesis further adds two additional hypotheses that narrow the examination down to large employers and singles. To evaluate those hypotheses the thesis estimates linear regression models for each of the male-dominated job field and each hypothesis using data from 2017 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG). Although the results revealed that in IT and mathematics and in physical sciences women earned more than similar men, with the effects being more pro- found among those working for large employers and among singles, the results were not statistically significant. Those results are, however, still important in context of societal narrative and gender wage gap literature, since they do not hint any potential discrimination of women in male-dominated fields. JEL Classification J31, J38, J70 Keywords United States, gender wage gap, gender wage differential, gender inequality, discrimination, college, men, women
|
|
|
Gender gap index and happiness
Procházková, Vendula ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the relationship between the level of gender inequality given by The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) and women's happiness. Using the cross-sectional data from The World Values Survey from 22 different countries, the main goal was to explore the possible existence of a positive relationship between the GGGI index (which reflects the rate of gender differences in particular country where lower values represent higher rate of gender inequality) and relative happiness of women in comparison with happiness of men. The work introduces not only the variables that are considered to be the main determinants of happiness according to the current studies, but also specific indexes related to the issue of gender inequality. All in all, the work is comprised of seven models working with the whole dataset of 22 countries, six models working with the data divided by gender and two different models created for each of four groups into which the countries were divided based on their rate of GGGI index. These models estimate the effect of GGGI index and its four components on happiness of individuals, on relative happiness of women and also the difference between women's and men's happiness in groups with different average GGGI index. Considering the results from previously...
|
|
|
The Unequal Position of Men and Women in the Czech labour market
Brusová, Barbora ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the gender wage gap in the Czech Republic and the discrimination of women in the labour market. The main aim of the thesis is to either confirm or disprove a hypothesis that women receive lower financial reward than men. Furthermore, a hypothesis, that differences in incomes between the genders are partly caused by a discriminatory behaviour of employers, is put to test. In the theoretical part, the concepts of the gender wage gap and the Oaxaca-Blinder wage decomposition are outlined. In the practical part, the data obtained in personal interview survey are analysed. The existence of gender wage gap is discovered by means of an econometric model. For this reason, the hypothesis of women being faced with unequal financial rewarding is confirmed. The distribution of the gender wage gap on the basis of the Oaxaca-Blinder wage decomposition proves the presence of discrimination effect. Owing to this, the hypothesis of female gender wage discrimination is also valid. Same results are confirmed by using the method of paired comparison.
|
|
|
Wage differences related to motherhood and children in the family
Pytliková, Mariola
Statistical data show a persistent gender wage gap. Currently, women earn on average 78 per cent of men’s average monthly wages. Women’s median monthly wages amount to 85 per cent of men’s median wage. The largest gender wage differences can be found for employees in age categories most likely to be affected by motherhood and parenthood duties. Specifically, for the 35–39 age group, the gender wage gap is 32 and 27 per cent, if measured by median monthly and hourly wages, respectively. Gender wage gap in the Czech Republic is also related to the number of children. For childless employees, the difference in median monthly wages equals to 15 percent, and the gender wage gap increases with each additional child in the family. The difference in median monthly wages between men and women with one child is 20 per cent, 32 per cent between men and women with two children, and 36 percent between men and women with three or more children.
|
|
|
Monitorování relativní pozice žen na českém trhu práce
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Münich, Daniel
In this survey, we provide a discussion of the various dimensions of the relative position of women on labor markets and the techniques that have been used in the empirical economics literature to understand the sources of the observed gender differences. We also give a brief overview of the available data and analyses in the Czech Republic and present new gender wage gap decompositions for the Czech enterprise sector in 2004.
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
